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Mortality by relative weight and exercise.

L Garfinkel1, S D Stellman

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, American Cancer Society, New York, NY 10001.

Cancer
|October 15, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Both underweight and overweight individuals face significantly increased mortality risks. Regular exercise, however, is linked to lower mortality, even in smokers.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity and underweight are significant public health concerns linked to various health outcomes.
  • Understanding the interplay between body weight, lifestyle factors, and mortality is crucial for preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mortality risks associated with relative weight (underweight and overweight) and physical activity levels.
  • To investigate the influence of smoking habits on mortality across different weight categories.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II, including 868,620 participants.
  • Calculation of Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) based on relative weight categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight).

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  • Assessment of mortality in relation to self-reported exercise levels and smoking status.

    • Main Results:

    • High SMRs were observed for both underweight (SMR 187 for men) and overweight (SMR 187 for men, 178 for women) individuals.
    • Current smokers exhibited substantially higher SMRs than nonsmokers across all relative weight categories.
    • Increased physical activity was inversely associated with mortality, independent of smoking status.

    Conclusions:

    • Both extremes of body weight (underweight and overweight) are associated with significantly elevated mortality.
    • Smoking cessation and regular physical activity are critical for reducing mortality risk.
    • While exercise generally reduces mortality, heavy exercise was paradoxically linked to higher SMRs for specific cancer deaths (lung, colon-rectum, pancreas) compared to moderate exercise.