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Outcomes and Outcome Measures in Breast Reduction Mammaplasty: A Systematic Review
Daniel Waltho1, Lucas Gallo1, Matteo Gallo2
1Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Background:
Reduction mammaplasty remains critical to the treatment of breast hypertrophy. No technique has been shown to be superior; however, comparison between studies is difficult due to variation in outcome reporting.
Objectives:
The authors sought to identify a comprehensive list of outcomes and outcome measures in reduction mammaplasty.
Methods:
A comprehensive computerized search was performed. Included studies were randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials involving at least 100 cases of female breast hypertrophy and patients of all ages who underwent 1 or more defined reduction mammaplasty technique. Outcomes and outcome measures were extracted and tabulated.
Results:
A total 106 articles were eligible for inclusion; 57 unique outcomes and 16 outcome measures were identified. Frequency of patient-reported and author-reported outcomes were 44% and 88%, respectively. Postoperative complications were the most frequently reported outcome (82.2%). Quality-of-life outcomes were accounted for in 37.7% of studies. Outcome measures were either condition-specific or generic; frequencies were as low as 1% and as high as 5.6%. Five scales were formally assessed in the breast reduction populations. Clinical measures were defined in 15.1% of studies.
Conclusions:
There is marked heterogeneity in reporting of outcomes and outcome measures in the literature. A standardized outcome set is needed to compare outcomes of various reduction mammaplasty techniques.
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