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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD01:21

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A complete procedure of testing a hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Manipulation of Color Patterns in Jumping Spiders for Use in Behavioral Experiments
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How epidemiological patterns shift across populations in an exotic lizard.

C H Bezerra1,2, L T Pinheiro2, G C Melo2

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil.

Journal of Helminthology
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Parasite communities in exotic Hemidactylus mabouia lizards in Brazil varied by host body size, not sex. Trematode infections were unusually high, likely due to local environmental conditions favoring parasite life cycles.

Keywords:
HelminthsHemidactylus mabouiabiogeography of parasitism

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Area of Science:

  • * Ecology
  • * Parasitology
  • * Herpetology

Background:

  • * Parasite communities are shaped by various ecological and host-related factors.
  • * Understanding parasite dynamics in exotic species is crucial for ecological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate parasite community composition, prevalence, and abundance in Hemidactylus mabouia populations.
  • * To analyze ontogenetic and sex-based variations in parasite infection patterns.
  • * To compare parasite loads with those found in native lizard hosts.

Main Methods:

  • * Field sampling of seven Hemidactylus mabouia populations in Northeast Brazil.
  • * Analysis of parasite community structure, prevalence, and abundance.
  • * Statistical assessment of variations based on host body size and sex.

Main Results:

  • * Significant differences in parasite community composition and infection patterns were observed across host body sizes.
  • * No significant variations in epidemiological patterns were found between male and female lizards.
  • * An exceptionally high abundance and prevalence of trematodes were noted in H. mabouia compared to native lizards.

Conclusions:

  • * Host body size is a key factor influencing parasite community structure in H. mabouia.
  • * Similar diet and habitat use likely explain the lack of sex-based differences in infections.
  • * Local environmental conditions in Northeast Brazil may promote trematode development and high infection rates.