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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Functional brain imaging in voiding dysfunction.

Rose Khavari1, Timothy B Boone1

  • 1Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin St. Suite 2100, Houston, TX, 77030.

Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional neuroimaging offers new ways to diagnose and treat voiding dysfunction (VD). This review explores how brain imaging advances our understanding of voiding control and potential therapies for this challenging condition.

Keywords:
bladder dysfunctionfMRImicturitionneuroimagingvoiding

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Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Urology

Background:

  • Voiding dysfunction (VD) presents significant morbidity and healthcare costs.
  • Diagnosing VD in non-obstructed patients is challenging.
  • Brain centers regulating voiding are potential therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and future applications of functional neuroimaging in human voiding.
  • To explore the role of brain centers in voiding dysfunction (VD).

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional neuroimaging techniques.
  • Analysis of brain activity during voiding in healthy individuals and patients with VD.

Main Results:

  • Understanding of brain control of voiding in humans and VD patients is limited.
  • Functional neuroimaging reveals key brain regions involved in micturition.
  • Identified regions include the pontine tegmentum, periaqueductal grey, hypothalamus, and frontal gyri.

Conclusions:

  • Functional neuroimaging may lead to novel diagnostic methods for VD.
  • Advances in neuroimaging are crucial for developing therapeutic options for VD.
  • This approach is relevant for both neurogenic and non-neurogenic VD.