As Insurers Exit Affordable Care Act Marketplaces, So Do Consumers

Insurer participation in the Marketplaces for individual health insurance has been lower than expected, with large declines among states using the HealthCare.gov platform for policy years 2017 and 2018. Using HealthCare.gov enrollment data, we examined how insurer exits from the Marketplaces affected consumers' decisions to reenroll-that is, to continue Marketplace participation-in policy years 2015-18. Insurer exit was associated with increased likelihood of consumer disenrollment from Marketplace coverage. The increase was twice as large for unsubsidized consumers (18.3 percentage points) than for consumers who received subsidies in the form of Advance Premium Tax Credits (8.7 percentage points) and was largely independent of premium increases measured using the lowest-cost silver plan available. However, premiums increased more in areas affected by insurer exits than in unaffected areas, contributing to increased disenrollment among unsubsidized consumers in policy years 2016-18. These findings suggest that maintaining insurer participation could encourage continued enrollment in the Marketplaces, while preserving competition to limit premium increases.