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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

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Clostridium difficile and One Health.

S C Lim1, D R Knight2, T V Riley3

  • 1School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) originates from community reservoirs, not just hospitals. A One Health approach involving humans, animals, and the environment is crucial for managing this pathogen.

Keywords:
Clostridioides difficileClostridium difficileEnvironmentalFood-borneOne HealthZoonosis

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is a significant enteric pathogen in humans, often linked to antimicrobial use disrupting gut microbiota.
  • Emergence of community-associated cases and distinct hospital strains suggests extra-hospital sources of C. difficile transmission.
  • Community reservoirs, including food and the environment, are likely sources for C. difficile colonization in both humans and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the 'One Health' aspects of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
  • To explore how community sources act as conduits for C. difficile transfer between animals and humans.
  • To discuss the importance of a One Health approach in managing CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted on PubMed and Web of Science.
  • Included papers published from January 1, 2000, to July 10, 2019.
  • Review focused on 'One Health' perspectives of CDI transmission.

Main Results:

  • Evidence demonstrates C. difficile transmission from asymptomatic carriers to patients within hospitals.
  • High-resolution genomic sequencing reveals animal-to-human C. difficile transmission, even without clear epidemiological links.
  • An interconnected transmission pathway involving food animals, humans, and the environment for C. difficile is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Clostridium difficile is a pathogen common to humans and animals, contaminating food and environmental sources.
  • Managing CDI requires a collaborative 'One Health' approach.
  • Collaboration among clinicians, veterinarians, environmentalists, and policymakers is paramount for effective CDI management.