Efficacy of tocilizumab for fulminant multiple sclerosis with a tumefactive cervical lesion: A 12-year-old boy

Fulminant demyelinating disease including acute disseminating encephalitis, multiple sclerosis (MS) variants, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are often managed with similar acute treatment such as intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange. On the other hand, long-term management varies. The choice of the drug is based on several factors including the activity and severity of the disease course. Tocilizumab (TCZ), which is a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, is one of the promising therapies for NMOSD because of decreasing the relapse rates and possibly the neurological disability. However, the efficacy of TCZ for MS with tumefactive lesion is unknown. Here, we describe the clinical course of a 12-year-old Japanese boy who was diagnosed with fulminant MS with a tumefactive cervical lesion. Our case was refractory to aggressive immunosuppressive therapies and developed dependent on an intermediate dose of oral prednisolone (PSL) for relapse prevention. His neurological condition worsened with every attempt of tapering the PSL dose. Thus, we started treatment with tocilizumab, which allowed of tapering of the PSL dose without his symptom exacerbations, and effectively improved his Expanded Disability Status Scale score. Our findings may indicate that TCZ is effective for fulminant MS patients with a tumefactive cervical lesion.