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The Role of MicroRNAs in Diabetes-Related Oxidative Stress
Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir1,2, Dagmar Klein3, Silvia Álvarez-Cubela4
1Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. fahd.qadir@med.miami.edu.
Abstract:
Cellular stress, combined with dysfunctional, inadequate mitochondrial phosphorylation, produces an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased level of ROS in cells, which leads to oxidation and subsequent cellular damage. Because of its cell damaging action, an association between anomalous ROS production and disease such as Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes, as well as their complications, has been well established. However, there is a lack of understanding about genome-driven responses to ROS-mediated cellular stress. Over the last decade, multiple studies have suggested a link between oxidative stress and microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that mostly suppress expression of the target gene by interaction with its 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). In this paper, we review the recent progress in the field, focusing on the association between miRNAs and oxidative stress during the progression of diabetes.
Insights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause cellular damage and are linked to diabetes. This review explores how microRNAs (miRNAs) respond to ROS-mediated stress in diabetes progression.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage.
- Anomalous ROS production is implicated in diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) and its complications.
- The genome's response to ROS-mediated stress, particularly involving microRNAs (miRNAs), remains underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements linking microRNAs (miRNAs) to oxidative stress.
- To focus on the association between miRNAs and oxidative stress during diabetes progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating miRNAs and oxidative stress in diabetes.
- Analysis of miRNA function in regulating gene expression via 3'untranslated regions (3'UTR).
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests a significant link between oxidative stress and miRNAs.
- miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
- This review consolidates current understanding of miRNA involvement in diabetes-related oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative stress is a key factor in diabetes pathogenesis.
- miRNAs play a crucial role in cellular responses to oxidative stress.
- Further research into miRNA-mediated pathways is essential for understanding and treating diabetes.
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