Desensitization to mid-spatial-frequency surface errors

Mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) surface errors are left after processing aspheres or freeforms by small bits. MSF errors sometimes have significant effects on the image quality of optical systems. The efforts on the analysis and tolerancing of the MSF errors have been paid. This paper focuses on the desensitization to the MSF errors. The design target for the desensitization to the MSF errors is defined. A possibility of the desensitization is shown for optical systems in which freeforms are used with spheres.