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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is a key process for producing coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray radiation.
    • Surface-based HHG offers unique pathways for attosecond pulse generation and probing material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the generation of high-order vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) harmonics using counter-propagating laser pulses.
    • To compare the efficiency and characteristics of VUV emission from a single crystal MgO surface using dual-beam versus single-beam geometries.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two counter-propagating 800 nm laser pulses incident on an MgO (100) single crystal surface.
    • Analyzed the emitted high-order VUV harmonics in both forward and backward directions.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully drove the emission of high-order VUV harmonics.
    • Demonstrated superior performance of the dual-beam approach compared to single-beam configurations.
    • Observed advantages in both forward and backward emission characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Counter-propagating laser pulses provide an effective method for enhancing surface-based high-order harmonic generation.
    • The dual-beam geometry offers significant advantages for VUV emission, paving the way for advanced light source development.