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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Atopic dermatitis.

Neill Peters, Anju T Peters

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |November 7, 2019
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Atopic dermatitis (AD), or eczema, is a chronic skin condition causing itchiness and dryness. It often leads to other allergic conditions in children, known as the atopic march.

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    A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Immunology
    • Allergology

    Background:

    • Atopic dermatitis (AD), or atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease.
    • It is characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and IgE sensitization to allergens.
    • AD is linked to allergic rhinitis and asthma, a progression termed the atopic march.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical presentation, age-related lesion distribution, and pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis.
    • To highlight common complications and initial management strategies for AD.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical characteristics and age-specific lesion patterns in AD.
    • Discussion of the immunological mechanisms involving T-helper cells and cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IFN-γ, IL-12).
    • Examination of predisposing factors like barrier dysfunction (filaggrin) and common infections (Staphylococcus aureus, herpes simplex virus).

    Main Results:

    • Lesion distribution varies significantly with age, from infants (cheeks, scalp) to older children and adults (flexural areas).
    • Acute AD involves T-helper type 2 cells and specific interleukins, while chronic AD shows a shift towards T-helper type 1 cells.
    • Barrier dysfunction and superinfections are common complications, with eczema herpeticum posing a severe risk.

    Conclusions:

    • AD is a complex inflammatory condition with distinct clinical and immunological profiles in acute and chronic phases.
    • Management involves trigger avoidance, hydration, topical steroids, and addressing secondary infections.
    • Understanding AD's pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment and preventing the atopic march.