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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Published on: January 19, 2019

Novel Immunotherapy Combinations.

Babar Bashir^1,2, Melissa A Wilson³

¹Departments of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Current Oncology Reports

|November 8, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1), have transformed oncology. New combination therapies aim to improve responses and overcome resistance in various malignancies.

Keywords:

CTLA-4 Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy combinations Melanoma PD-1 Tumor microenvironment

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Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

The last decade has seen significant growth in immunotherapeutic agent approvals for diverse cancers.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have shown remarkable success, expanding to numerous cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

To review promising novel immunotherapies and combination strategies.
To address resistance mechanisms and expand treatment response pools.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
Analysis of emerging immune checkpoints and combination therapies.

Main Results:

Combination therapies (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1) have demonstrated improved patient responses and gained regulatory approval.
Tumor-specific immune inflammatory status is a key predictor of response to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

Despite successes, not all tumor types respond to current immunotherapies.
Further research into novel immune checkpoints and combination strategies is crucial for overcoming resistance and broadening treatment applicability.