Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

534
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
534
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

4.6K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.6K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

774
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
774
The Midpoint Formula01:24

The Midpoint Formula

573
In coordinate geometry, determining the central point between two locations is common. This central point, or midpoint, lies exactly halfway along the line segment connecting two points in a two-dimensional space. It has applications in mathematics, physics, engineering, and various planning disciplines.Given two points labeled as A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) on a coordinate plane, a straight line segment can be plotted between them. The midpoint, labeled point M, divides this segment into two...
573
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

449
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
449
Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

283
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
283

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2019
Same author

COX-2 inhibition improves immune system homeostasis and decreases liver damage in septic rats.

The Journal of surgical research·2009
Same author

Mass spectral characterization of organophosphate-labeled, tyrosine-containing peptides: characteristic mass fragments and a new binding motif for organophosphates.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2009
Same author

3D-SURFER: software for high-throughput protein surface comparison and analysis.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2009
Same author

Total arch replacement with stented elephant trunk technique: a proposed treatment for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection.

Journal of cardiac surgery·2009
Same author

Top-emitting white organic light-emitting devices with a one-dimensional metallic-dielectric photonic crystal anode.

Optics letters·2009
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.3K

Directional Modulation-Enhanced Multiple Antenna Arrays for Secure and Precise Wireless Transmission.

Wei Zhang1, Mingnan Le1, Bin Li1

  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directional modulation (DM) enhances wireless security. New multiple antenna arrays improve DM security, especially when eavesdroppers are near legitimate users, outperforming single-antenna systems.

Keywords:
artificial noisedirectional modulationmultiple antenna arraysphysical layer securityrobustness

More Related Videos

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.1K
Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.3K
Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.1K
Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communications
  • Information Security
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Directional Modulation (DM) enhances physical layer security (PLS) in wireless communications.
  • Conventional DM assumes distinct directions for eavesdroppers (Eves) and legitimate users (LUs).
  • Neighbor security issues arise when Eves are in the same direction as LUs, compromising signal quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the neighbor security issue in DM systems.
  • To introduce a multiple antenna arrays model with artificial noise (AN)-aided DM.
  • To propose novel DM schemes for secure and precise transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multiple antenna arrays model at the transmitter.
  • Incorporated artificial noise (AN)-aided directional modulation.
  • Proposed two novel DM schemes: single-carrier and multi-carrier multiple antenna arrays.
  • Analyzed symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and robustness.

Main Results:

  • Simulations validated the effectiveness of the proposed DM schemes.
  • Multiple antenna arrays based DM methods demonstrated superior security performance.
  • The proposed schemes effectively recover mixed useful signals.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AN-aided DM with multiple antenna arrays effectively tackles neighbor security challenges.
  • Multiple antenna arrays significantly enhance PLS compared to single antenna arrays.
  • The novel DM schemes offer secure and precise wireless communication.