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Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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3D Microtissues for Injectable Regenerative Therapy and High-throughput Drug Screening

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Injectable Cryogels for Biomedical Applications.

Loek J Eggermont¹, Zachary J Rogers¹, Thibault Colombani¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

Trends in Biotechnology

|November 9, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable cryogels, fabricated at subzero temperatures, offer a unique macroporous structure for biomedical applications. This review explores their design, limitations, and potential for clinical translation.

Keywords:

3D scaffolds drug delivery immunotherapy macroporous preformed cryogels syringe injection tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Syringe-injectable hydrogels are crucial for preventing postoperative complications.
Cryogels are the only preformed, large-scale hydrogels suitable for needle-syringe delivery.
Cryogel fabrication at subzero temperatures yields unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the design of injectable cryogels.
To identify current limitations hindering clinical translation.
To propose strategies for improving cryogel properties.

Main Methods:

Literature review of cryogel fabrication techniques.
Analysis of cryogel properties (porosity, flexibility, shape-memory).
Examination of biomedical applications (tissue engineering, drug delivery, immunotherapy).

Main Results:

Cryogels possess a unique macroporous network, shape-memory, and flexibility enabling syringe injectability.
Successful applications demonstrated in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and immunotherapy.
Current limitations include scalability and long-term stability.

Conclusions:

Injectable cryogels show significant promise for various biomedical applications.
Further research is needed to overcome limitations for clinical use.
Optimizing cryogel design is key for successful translation.