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Brain structure and internalizing and externalizing behavior in typically developing children and adolescents.

Quinn R Andre1,2,3, Bryce L Geeraert4,2,3, Catherine Lebel5,6,7,8

  • 1Medical Science Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtle differences in white matter integrity, specifically mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), are linked to internalizing and externalizing behaviors in typically developing youth, suggesting early neurological markers for mental health conditions.

Keywords:
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)ExternalizingInternalizingMental healthPediatric neuroimagingStructural magnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Mental health conditions often manifest during adolescence, correlating with structural brain changes like reduced gray matter and altered white matter integrity.
  • Investigating sub-clinical behaviors in children and adolescents is crucial for understanding the early progression of mental health symptoms and identifying at-risk individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between internalizing and externalizing behaviors and brain structure in typically developing children and adolescents.
  • To identify potential neurological markers that may predict future mental health disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 48 typically developing participants (aged 6-16 years).
  • Assessed brain structure by calculating volume in prefrontal and limbic regions and diffusion parameters (FA and MD) in limbic white matter.
  • Utilized linear mixed effects models to analyze associations between behavior (BASC-2 Parent Rating Scale) and brain structure, controlling for covariates and exploring interactions.

Main Results:

  • Internalizing behavior showed a positive association with mean diffusivity (MD) in the bilateral cingulum, with a stronger effect observed in females.
  • Externalizing behavior was negatively associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left cingulum.
  • An age-by-behavior interaction was noted in the left uncinate fasciculus for externalizing behavior; no significant associations were found between behavior and brain volumes after multiple comparison correction.

Conclusions:

  • Altered limbic white matter integrity (FA and MD) is associated with sub-clinical internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth.
  • These findings highlight potential early neurological indicators that may inform our understanding of risk for future mental health disorders.
  • Brain structure, particularly white matter, plays a role in the development of behavioral patterns even in the absence of diagnosed mental health conditions.