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The human connectome from an evolutionary perspective.

Dirk Jan Ardesch1, Lianne H Scholtens1, Martijn P van den Heuvel2

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Biology
  • Network Science

Background:

  • The human connectome represents the complete neuronal connections of the central nervous system.
  • Understanding its network characteristics is crucial for insights into human brain evolution and function.
  • Comparative analysis with other species highlights conserved and potentially unique aspects of brain connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the human macroscale structural and functional connectome.
  • To identify common themes in animal brain wiring and human-specific adaptations.
  • To explore how comparative connectomics informs the evolution of human brain structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human and animal connectomes.
  • Comparative analysis of network properties across species, including non-human primates.
  • Focus on macroscale structural and functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Human connectome exhibits network properties conserved across species.
  • Evidence suggests potential human-specific adaptations in connectome topology.
  • Comparative studies reveal shared and distinct patterns of brain wiring.

Conclusions:

  • A comparative approach to the human connectome is essential for understanding brain evolution.
  • Network-level insights are key to unraveling the evolution of human brain structure and function.
  • Shared and unique connectomic features offer a window into species-specific cognitive abilities.