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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
A Flexible Method for Covalent Double Functionalization of Graphene Oxide
Shi Guo1, Yuta Nishina2,3, Alberto Bianco1
1CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
A new method enables double functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) using mild alkaline conditions. This straightforward approach covalently links two distinct functional groups to GO, preserving its properties for diverse applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Chemistry
Background:
- Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile material with potential applications in various fields.
- Developing efficient methods for GO functionalization is crucial for tailoring its properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a straightforward method for the double functionalization of graphene oxide (GO).
- To achieve covalent linkage of two distinct functional groups to GO under mild conditions.
- To preserve the structural integrity and properties of GO during functionalization.
Main Methods:
- A two-step covalent functionalization strategy was employed.
- The first functional group was attached via an epoxide ring-opening reaction.
- The second functional group, containing an amine, was conjugated to benzoquinone attached to GO.
Main Results:
- The successful double functionalization of GO was confirmed using various characterization techniques.
- Sequential covalent modification of the GO surface with two different functional groups was achieved.
- The mild reaction conditions preserved the inherent structure and properties of GO.
Conclusions:
- A facile and mild method for the double functionalization of graphene oxide has been established.
- This strategy allows for the preparation of multifunctional GO conjugates.
- The developed method holds promise for applications in materials science and biomedicine.
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