Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 4, 2026
14:55
Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
Published on: January 20, 2023
4.1K
Paving New Roads for CARs
Axel Hyrenius-Wittsten1, Kole T Roybal2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Trends in Cancer
|November 11, 2019
Summary
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promise for blood cancers. New strategies are emerging to improve CAR-T cell effectiveness against solid tumors using advanced engineering and synthetic biology.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized hematological malignancy treatment.
- Significant challenges remain in applying CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of current CAR-T cell engineering strategies.
- To present a framework for developing next-generation CAR-T cell therapies for solid tumors.
Main Methods:
- Review of advanced receptor design.
- Exploration of novel tumor sensing mechanisms.
- Analysis of gene coexpression for enhanced T cell function and tumor immunity.
- Investigation of precise genome editing techniques.
Main Results:
- CAR-T cell therapy is highly effective in hematological malignancies.
- Solid tumors present unique roadblocks for CAR-T cell efficacy.
- Multiple strategies are being developed to overcome these roadblocks.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced CAR-T cell engineering is crucial for solid tumor treatment.
- Synthetic biology offers a framework for next-generation immune cell therapies.
- Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of CAR-T cells in oncology.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Masonry Paving
433
The construction of masonry paving involves using materials such as bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units. These materials are chosen for their shape, color, strength, and resistance to abrasion and weathering. Masonry units can be installed dry on a thin layer of sand and a gravel base, or they can be embedded in mortar or asphalt on a concrete slab. For areas subjected to heavy vehicular loads, a rigid base layer of reinforced or unreinforced concrete is recommended. In contrast,...
433
01:28Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements
435
Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
435
01:17Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
285
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
285
01:41Social Traps
26.2K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
26.2K
01:27Frost Action on Concrete
366
Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
366
01:17Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving
749
Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
749