Biochar suppresses N₂O emissions and alters microbial communities in an acidic tea soil

Biochar has been considered as a promising soil amendment for improving fertility and mitigating N₂O emission from the arable land. However, biochar's effectiveness in acidic tea soil and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We conducted a short-term microcosm experiment using two biochars (1% w/w, LB, generated from legume and NLB, non-legume biomass, respectively) to investigate the effects of biochar amendments on soil chemical properties, N₂O emission, and microbial community in an acidic soil. Soil and headspace gas samples were taken on 1, 10, and 30 day's incubation. Biochar amendment increased soil pH and DOC, however, significantly reduced soil inorganic N. Both biochars at ~ 1% addition had little effect on microbial CO₂ respiration but suppressed soil N₂O emission by ~ 40% during the incubation. The divergence in N₂O efflux rates between soils with and without biochar addition aligned to some degree with changes in soil pH, inorganic N, and dissolved organic C (DOC). We also found that biochar addition significantly modified the fungal community structure, in particular the relative abundance of members of Ascomycota, but not the bacterial community. Furthermore, the copy number of nosZ, the gene encoding N₂O reductase, was significantly greater in biochar-amended soils than the soil alone. Our findings contribute to better understanding of the impact of biochar on the soil chemical properties, soil N₂O emission, and microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for improving the health of acidic tea soil.