Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

First sub-MeV nuclear reaction measurements in a heavy-ion storage ring.

The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei·2026

Same author

Testing Strong-Field QED to Second Order in the Highly Correlated Atomic System Berylliumlike Pb^{78+} by Electron-Ion Collision Spectroscopy.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Quantum Electrodynamics in Strong Electromagnetic Fields: Substate Resolved Kα Transition Energies in Heliumlike Uranium.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Azimuthal Correlations within Exclusive Dijets with Large Momentum Transfer in Photon-Lead Collisions.

Physical review letters·2023

Same author

Measurements of the associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at <math> </math>.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2022

Same author

First Search for Exclusive Diphoton Production at High Mass with Tagged Protons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

Physical review letters·2022

Same journal

Therapeutic potential of crude protein extracts from two Egyptian freshwater snails Lanistes carinatus and Bellamya unicolor.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Microbial contamination of donor corneas and post-keratoplasty endophthalmitis: a comparison between Japanese and U.S. eye banks using cold storage.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Prevalence and contributing factors of virological non-suppression among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

An in vitro comparison of color stability between alkasite and different restorative materials in various staining solutions.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Toward accessible mRNA LNP formulation: systematic evaluation of mixing strategies and key parameters.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

A network analysis of personality traits, mentalizing, and psychological health in Chinese college students.

Scientific reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Efficient Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration from a Cryogenic Solid Hydrogen Target.

J Polz¹, A P L Robinson², A Kalinin³

¹Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743, Jena, Germany.

Scientific Reports

|November 13, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers successfully used a cryogenic solid hydrogen target to accelerate protons using high-power lasers. This method achieved high-energy proton beams with potential for future applications in laser-driven particle acceleration.

More Related Videos

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Published on: January 28, 2021

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Published on: January 28, 2021

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Laser-Plasma Interactions
Particle Acceleration

Background:

High-power laser systems enable novel approaches to particle acceleration.
Developing efficient and stable targets is crucial for laser-driven acceleration.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and characterize a cryogenic solid hydrogen target for laser-driven proton acceleration.
To investigate the properties of protons accelerated by high-power lasers interacting with solid hydrogen.

Main Methods:

Irradiation of a 10 μm diameter solid hydrogen filament with 10-Terawatt laser pulses (2.5 J energy).
Characterization of accelerated proton spectra and emission properties.
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to model the interaction and shock dynamics.

Main Results:

Observation of protons with kinetic energies exceeding 20 MeV.
Protons exhibited non-thermal spectral features and were emitted over a large solid angle.
A total conversion efficiency of several percent was achieved.
Simulations confirmed collisionless shocks launched from the target surface caused spectral modulations.

Conclusions:

Cryogenic solid hydrogen targets are effective for high-power laser-driven proton acceleration.
The observed spectral modulations are attributed to collisionless shock waves.
Solid hydrogen targets offer improved prospects for laser-accelerated proton pulses in future applications.