Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

72.3K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
72.3K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

9.5K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
9.5K
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

487
Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
487
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.0K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage promotes depressive behaviour in mice via sex hormone degradation.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same author

Post-translational toxin modification by lactate controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Antibiotic treatment can exacerbate biofilm-associated infection by promoting quorum cheater development.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2023
Same author

The pro-inflammatory effect of Staphylokinase contributes to community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.

Communications biology·2022
Same author

Extracellular DNA released by glycine-auxotrophic Staphylococcus epidermidis small colony variant facilitates catheter-related infections.

Communications biology·2021
Same author

Distinct virulent network between healthcare- and community-associated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> based on proteomic analysis.

Clinical proteomics·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
09:57

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: April 5, 2017

9.0K

Pyrazinoic Acid Inhibits the Bifunctional Enzyme (Rv2783) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Competing with tmRNA.

Lei He1,2, Peng Cui2, Wanliang Shi3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pyrazinamide resistance in tuberculosis is linked to a mutation in the Rv2783 enzyme. This mutation prevents pyrazinoic acid from inhibiting the enzyme, offering new insights into pyrazinamide

Keywords:
PNPaseRv2783c genemycobacterium tuberculosispyrazinamide resistancetmRNA

More Related Videos

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.2K
A Microscopic Phenotypic Assay for the Quantification of Intracellular Mycobacteria Adapted for High-throughput/High-content Screening
15:28

A Microscopic Phenotypic Assay for the Quantification of Intracellular Mycobacteria Adapted for High-throughput/High-content Screening

Published on: January 17, 2014

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
09:57

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: April 5, 2017

9.0K
A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.2K
A Microscopic Phenotypic Assay for the Quantification of Intracellular Mycobacteria Adapted for High-throughput/High-content Screening
15:28

A Microscopic Phenotypic Assay for the Quantification of Intracellular Mycobacteria Adapted for High-throughput/High-content Screening

Published on: January 17, 2014

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Drug Resistance
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a critical drug for tuberculosis treatment.
  • Its active form, pyrazinoic acid (POA), inhibits multiple targets in *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*.
  • The bifunctional enzyme Rv2783 is a recently identified target of POA, but its inhibition mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which pyrazinoic acid inhibits the Rv2783 enzyme.
  • To investigate the role of specific mutations in conferring PZA resistance in *M. tuberculosis*.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of PZA-resistant clinical isolates.
  • Expression and functional characterization of wild-type and mutant Rv2783 enzymes.
  • Enzyme inhibition assays and binding studies with POA and transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA).

Main Results:

  • A novel A2104C substitution in *Rv2783c* was identified in PZA-resistant clinical isolates.
  • Expression of the mutant Rv2783 allele conferred PZA resistance in *M. tuberculosis*.
  • POA inhibited all catalytic activities of wild-type Rv2783 but not the A2104C mutant, and competed with tmRNA for binding to wild-type Rv2783.

Conclusions:

  • The A2104C substitution in Rv2783 is a key mechanism conferring PZA resistance.
  • POA inhibition of Rv2783 involves binding to a site affected by the A2104C mutation.
  • These findings provide crucial insights into the antitubercular activity of PZA and mechanisms of drug resistance.