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A Mouse Model to Assess Innate Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus Infection
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Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Bone Tissue Colonization That Make Staphylococcus aureus the Primary Pathogen in

Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan1,2, Elysia A Masters1,3, John L Daiss1,2

  • 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|November 14, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus causes difficult-to-treat osteomyelitis through unique pathogenic mechanisms. Understanding these bacterial strategies, including immune evasion and biofilm formation, is key to developing new therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of osteomyelitis, posing a significant healthcare challenge.
  • The mechanisms underlying S. aureus dominance in bone infections are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specific pathogenic mechanisms employed by S. aureus in causing osteomyelitis.
  • To highlight S. aureus virulence factors that contribute to persistent bone infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis in osteomyelitis.
  • Analysis of bacterial virulence factors, immune evasion strategies, and biofilm formation.
  • Examination of S. aureus interactions with bone cells and tissues.

Main Results:

  • S. aureus utilizes toxins and virulence proteins to subvert host immune responses, producing non-neutralizing antibodies.
  • The bacterium forms distinct biofilms on various bone structures, including implants and osteocyte lacuno-canicular networks (OLCN).
  • Evidence suggests intracellular colonization of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts by S. aureus.

Conclusions:

  • S. aureus employs diverse virulence mechanisms, particularly OLCN colonization, for life-long bone infection.
  • Targeting S. aureus virulence pathways offers potential for novel antibiotic and immunotherapy development.
Keywords:
Adaptive immunityCanalicular invasionImmune proteomeOrthopedic infectionsOsteomyelitisStaphylococcus aureus

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