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The Distinctions Between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework.

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  • 1L. Varpio is professor and associate director of research, Graduate Programs in Health Professions Education in the Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-4341. E. Paradis is assistant professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, scientist, Wilson Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and researcher, Facebook, Menlo Park, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-4721. S. Uijtdehaage is professor and associate director, Graduate Programs in Health Professions Education, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8598-4683. M. Young is associate professor, Institute of Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-2119.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study clarifies the distinct roles of theory, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual frameworks in health professions education (HPE) research. It differentiates their application in objectivist deductive and subjectivist inductive research approaches for clearer scientific communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Professions Education Research
  • Scientific Methodology

Background:

  • Health professions education (HPE) researchers often face challenges in clearly articulating the use of theory, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual frameworks.
  • Interchangeable use and lack of clear understanding of these terms complicate research communication and rigor.
  • Divergent applications of these concepts across different research methodologies further exacerbate the issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the distinct meanings of theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework in HPE research.
  • To describe how these concepts are applied within objectivist deductive and subjectivist inductive research approaches.
  • To delineate three common uses of these frameworks within subjectivist inductive research.

Main Methods:

  • The study employs a conceptual analysis to differentiate theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework.
  • It examines the application of these concepts within two primary research paradigms: objectivist deductive and subjectivist inductive.
  • Specific uses within subjectivist inductive research are detailed, including fully inductive theory development, theory-informed inductive, and theory-informing inductive data analysis.

Main Results:

  • The article distinguishes theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework, highlighting their unique roles.
  • It illustrates how these concepts are operationalized differently in deductive (theory-to-data) versus inductive (data-to-theory) research.
  • Three distinct inductive approaches are presented: fully inductive theory development, theory-informed inductive analysis, and theory-informing inductive analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Clear differentiation and appropriate application of theory, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual frameworks enhance the rigor and clarity of HPE research.
  • Understanding the nuances of these concepts across different research approaches is crucial for researchers.
  • The proposed framework aids HPE researchers in more precisely defining and utilizing theoretical and conceptual elements in their studies.