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An IRT-Based Objection Against the IQ.

Takuya Yanagida1, Klaus D Kubinger

  • 1Takuya Yanagida, University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010, Vienna, Austria, Klaus.Kubinger@univie.ac.at.

Journal of Applied Measurement
|November 16, 2019
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Item Response Theory (IRT) models were applied to IQ test scoring, but analyses revealed significant model misfit. This suggests current scoring rules may unfairly combine intelligence with task engagement, questioning the fairness of many intelligence tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Psychological Assessment

Background:

  • Item Response Theory (IRT) offers models to ensure fair scoring rules.
  • Intelligence quotient (IQ) tests often use specific scoring rules that warrant fairness evaluation.
  • Muller's continuous Rasch model is a relevant IRT model for such analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the fairness of scoring rules in specific IQ test-batteries using IRT.
  • To investigate the applicability of Muller's continuous Rasch model to the AID 3 test-battery.
  • To determine if the scoring methods in the analyzed IQ tests are psychometrically sound.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Muller's continuous Rasch model from Item Response Theory.
  • Analysis of three German and English versions of the AID 3 intelligence test-battery (N=431, 761, 2278).
  • Graphical model checks to assess model fit and identify deviations.

Main Results:

  • A serious misfit of the Rasch model was disclosed across all analyzed test-batteries.
  • The results provide no support for the fairness of the scoring rules used.
  • Detailed inspection suggests scoring conflates "intelligence" with "willingness to achieve in unchallenging tasks."

Conclusions:

  • The scoring rules of the examined IQ tests are likely unfair.
  • Practitioners should question the fairness of intelligence tests not rigorously evaluated with appropriate psychometric models.
  • Further research is needed to develop and validate fairer scoring methods for intelligence assessments.