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Numbers around Descartes: A preregistered study on the three-dimensional SNARC effect.

Sara Aleotti¹, Francesco Di Girolamo², Stefano Massaccesi³

¹Department of General Psychology and Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padua, Italy.

|November 16, 2019

Summary

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect reveals numbers are mapped in 3D space. This study found equally strong horizontal, vertical, and sagittal SNARC effects, supporting a 3D mental number space.

Keywords:

Mathematical cognition Mental number line Preregistered SNARC Space–response compatibility

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Published on: July 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Spatial Cognition

Background:

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect typically demonstrates a left-to-right horizontal mental number line.
Evidence for vertical and sagittal SNARC effects is less consistent, potentially due to varied experimental methods and axis definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the SNARC effect across horizontal, vertical, and sagittal dimensions using a unified experimental paradigm.
To determine if SNARC effects are equally robust across these three spatial axes.

Main Methods:

A classic SNARC task was employed to assess numerical-spatial associations.
Participants responded to numerical stimuli, allowing for the measurement of response biases along different spatial axes.

Main Results:

The study found significant and equally strong SNARC effects along the horizontal, vertical, and sagittal axes.
This indicates a consistent spatial mapping of numbers in three dimensions.

Conclusions:

The findings provide strong evidence for a three-dimensional mental representation of numbers.
Numbers appear to be organized within a mental number space defined by Cartesian coordinates (horizontal, vertical, and sagittal).