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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Published on: March 10, 2021

The cingulate cortex and spatial neglect.

A M Barrett¹, Andrew Abdou², Meghan D Caulfield³

¹Center for Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States; Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|November 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial neglect, an attention disorder, is linked to cingulate cortex damage. This damage affects spatial aiming, impacting daily function and predicting disability. Targeted therapies may improve outcomes.

Keywords:

Arousal Functional disability Motor neglect Motor-intention Spatial Aiming Spatial neglect

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Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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Published on: April 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

Spatial neglect is a neurological condition characterized by asymmetric attention, orienting, and action, leading to significant functional disability.
While linked to higher-order cortical sensory processing, spatial motor "Aiming" processing is crucial for adaptive environmental interaction and daily life.
The cingulate cortex, specifically the anterior and anterior midcingulate regions, is strongly implicated in spatial aiming deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact and mechanisms of spatial neglect.
To describe symptoms of spatial neglect theoretically linked to cingulate cortical functions or lesions.
To discuss treatment implications connecting cingulate cortex spatial aiming neglect to therapies enhancing spatial action, arousal, and persistence.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on spatial neglect and cingulate cortex function.
Analysis of a well-characterized spatial neglect cohort to identify symptoms linked to cingulate regions.
Theoretical linkage of observed symptoms to cingulate cortical functions.

Main Results:

Spatial aiming deficits are strongly associated with the cingulate cortex.
Damage to the anterior cingulate and anterior midcingulate cortex predicts daily life disability in spatial neglect.
Specific spatial neglect symptoms correlate with cingulate cortical involvement.

Conclusions:

The cingulate cortex plays a critical role in spatial aiming and functional outcomes in spatial neglect.
Clinicians should consider theoretically motivated treatments targeting specific symptoms related to cingulate function.
Therapies aimed at improving spatial action, arousal, and persistence may benefit patients with cingulate-related spatial neglect.