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Functional cognitive disorders: a systematic review.

Laura McWhirter¹, Craig Ritchie¹, Jon Stone¹

¹Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

The Lancet. Psychiatry

|November 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Many people with cognitive symptoms do not have dementia but may have functional cognitive disorders. These disorders involve cognitive issues due to functional changes, not brain disease, and require further research for better diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Cognitive Science

Background:

Cognitive symptoms are prevalent, but dementia is not always the cause.
Functional cognitive disorders (FCDs) are a subtype of functional neurological disorders.
FCDs present with cognitive symptoms linked to distress or disability, stemming from functional alterations rather than structural brain lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the prevalence and clinical associations of FCDs.
To examine related phenotypes within the cognitive disorder literature.
To highlight risks associated with misdiagnosis and the need for improved understanding.

Main Methods:

Systematic examination of the prevalence of FCDs.
Analysis of clinical associations within the cognitive disorder literature.
Review of related phenotypes and their characteristics.

Main Results:

Approximately 25% of memory clinic patients may have FCDs.
FCDs are associated with affective symptoms, negative self-evaluation, and negative illness perceptions.
Non-progressive symptom trajectories and distinct linguistic/behavioral differences were observed.

Conclusions:

FCDs pose a risk of iatrogenic harm due to misdiagnosis.
Further research is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment of FCDs.
Understanding FCD phenotypes enhances diagnostic accuracy for prodromal degenerative brain disease.