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Elevated trace elements in sediments and seagrasses at CO2 seeps.

A K Mishra1, R Santos2, J M Hall-Spencer3

  • 1Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL48A, UK.

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Seagrasses near marine carbon dioxide (CO2) seeps can accumulate high levels of trace metals like cadmium. Metal toxicity explains why seagrass abundance varies at these unique environments.

Keywords:
BioaccumulationBioavailabilityCymodocea nodosaOcean acidificationPosidonia oceanica

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Seagrasses thrive near shallow marine carbon dioxide (CO2) seeps.
  • These environments offer unique opportunities to study trace metal accumulation in marine ecosystems.
  • Understanding metal dynamics is crucial for seagrass health and biodiversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify trace metal (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentrations in sediments and seagrasses at CO2 seeps and reference sites.
  • To assess the potential adverse effects of elevated metal levels on marine biota.
  • To investigate the relationship between metal bioavailability, toxicity, and seagrass abundance at CO2 seeps.

Main Methods:

  • Field sampling of sediments and seagrass tissues (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa) at six Mediterranean CO2 seeps and six reference sites.
  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metal analysis.
  • Comparison of metal concentrations between seep and reference sites, and assessment against established toxicity thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Elevated concentrations of certain trace metals, notably cadmium (up to 43x higher), were found in seep sediments.
  • Metal levels at three seeps (Vulcano, Ischia, Paleochori) were predicted to be harmful to marine life.
  • Seagrasses exhibited higher tissue concentrations of Zn and Ni (Posidonia oceanica) and Zn (Cymodocea nodosa), particularly in roots, despite varying sediment metal levels.
  • High copper levels in Ischia seep sediments did not correlate with high copper in the abundant seagrass found there.

Conclusions:

  • Trace metal contamination is a significant factor at some marine CO2 seeps.
  • Seagrass abundance at CO2 seeps is influenced by the bioavailability and toxicity of specific trace elements.
  • Variations in metal accumulation and effects help explain differential seagrass distribution in these geochemically active zones.