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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Advanced Imaging in Female Infertility.

Carolyn F Dishuck1, Jordan D Perchik2, Kristin K Porter2

  • 1University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Current Urology Reports
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PubMed
Summary

Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing female reproductive disorders. Advanced techniques like pelvic ultrasonography (US), hysterosalpingography (HSG), and MRI offer valuable insights beyond hormone level assessments for infertility evaluation.

Keywords:
Contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingosonographyHysterosalpingography (HSG)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Reproductive medicineSonohysterography

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Female infertility evaluation traditionally focuses on ovulation assessment via serum hormone levels.
  • Imaging modalities offer complementary data for diagnosing reproductive disorders.
  • Congenital urinary tract anomalies in females can impact reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of reproductive disorders.
  • To emphasize the contribution of imaging studies to reproductive medicine.
  • To discuss implications of congenital causes of infertility on the female urinary tract.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on pelvic ultrasonography (US), including sonohysterography and contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingosonography.
  • Evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the female reproductive tract.
  • Analysis of recent research on comprehensive single imaging studies for reproductive disorders.

Main Results:

  • Pelvic US, HSG, and MRI are key imaging tools for evaluating female reproductive health.
  • Imaging aids in identifying causes of infertility beyond ovulation issues.
  • Emerging comprehensive imaging methods like MR hysterosalpingography and Fertiliscan are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging is essential for a thorough diagnosis and management of female reproductive disorders.
  • Further research is required to establish the reliability, risks, and benefits of novel comprehensive imaging techniques.
  • Integrating advanced imaging can enhance the understanding and treatment of infertility.