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Implicit Mentalising during Level-1 Visual Perspective-Taking Indicated by Dissociation with Attention Orienting.

Mark R Gardner1, Aiste P Bileviciute1, Caroline J Edmonds2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated whether attention or mental state tracking explains visual perspective-taking. Results show gaze aversion affects attention but not perspective-taking, supporting mentalising theories over attention-based accounts.

Keywords:
Theory of Mindattention orientingimplicit mentalisingsocial attentionvisual perspective-taking

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Level-1 visual perspective-taking experiments are often cited as evidence for implicit mentalising.
  • A competing submentalising account suggests these tasks rely on general attentional orienting mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between implicit mentalising and submentalising accounts of visual perspective-taking.
  • To investigate the role of attention orienting in perspective-taking using gaze aversion manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using avatar figures with manipulated head positions (gaze-averted vs. gaze-maintained).
  • Experiment 1 employed a Posner cueing task to measure attention orienting.
  • Experiment 2 assessed level-1 visual perspective-taking using the avatar task.

Main Results:

  • Gaze aversion significantly enhanced attention orienting in Experiment 1.
  • Level-1 visual perspective-taking effects were equivalent across gaze-averted and gaze-maintained conditions in Experiment 2.
  • A dissociation was observed: gaze aversion affected attention orienting but not perspective-taking.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the implicit mentalising account by demonstrating that attention orienting mechanisms do not fully explain visual perspective-taking.
  • The results challenge the submentalising account, suggesting attention orienting is not integral to automatic mental state tracking.
  • This dissociation provides crucial constraints for theories of social cognition and mental state attribution.