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Strontium substituted biomimetic calcium phosphate system derived from cuttlefish bone.

Antonia Ressler1, Matija Cvetnić1, Maja Antunović2

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Biomimetic strontium-substituted calcium phosphate powders were synthesized. These novel biomaterials demonstrate non-cytotoxicity and promote cell proliferation, indicating potential for biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are crucial in bone tissue engineering.
  • Strontium substitution can enhance the biological properties of CaP ceramics.
  • Utilizing biogenic calcium carbonate offers a sustainable precursor source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize biomimetic triphasic strontium-substituted calcium phosphate powders.
  • To characterize the structural, phase, and ionic properties of the synthesized powders.
  • To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and cellular response of the CaP materials.

Main Methods:

  • Wet precipitation method using calcium carbonate, urea, diammonium phosphate, and strontium nitrate.
  • Characterization techniques: elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, Rietveld refinement.
  • In vitro evaluation: simulated body fluid incubation, cell viability and proliferation assays (human embryonic kidney cells).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized powders comprised calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), transforming to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) upon heat treatment.
  • Strontium substitution increased lattice parameters in HA, OCP, and β-TCP, with Sr2+ occupying specific cation sites.
  • Biogenic calcium carbonate introduced Mg2+ and Na+ ions; prepared CaP powders exhibited non-cytotoxicity and promoted cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Biomimetic strontium-substituted calcium phosphate powders were successfully synthesized using a wet precipitation method.
  • The incorporation of strontium and trace ions from biogenic sources did not compromise the cytocompatibility of the materials.
  • These strontium-substituted CaP powders show promise for bone regeneration applications due to their biocompatibility and ability to support cell growth.