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Sciatic Nerve Variants in Patients Diagnosed With Sciatica: Is There a Correlation?

Hayat Khan1, Stephen Ling, Sayed Ali

  • 1From the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
|November 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sciatic nerve variations are significantly linked to sciatica. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help identify these variations, potentially preventing surgical injury in patients with sciatica.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Sciatica can be caused by sciatic nerve compression by the piriformis muscle.
  • Six sciatic nerve variations exist, with Type 1 (84.2%) and Type 2 (13.9%) being most common.
  • Limited research exists on sciatic nerve variation prevalence in sciatica patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of sciatic nerve variations in patients diagnosed with sciatica.
  • To determine the statistical significance of sciatic nerve variations in sciatica.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 95 sciatica patients' pelvic/hip MRI scans.
  • T1-weighted axial, coronal, and sagittal MRI sequences were analyzed.
  • Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently identified sciatic nerve variants.

Main Results:

  • 88 patients (93 limbs) were analyzed after exclusions.
  • Type 1 sciatic nerve anatomy was found in 55.9% of limbs, Type 2 in 41.9%, and Type 3 in 2.2%.
  • Proportions of Type 1 and Type 2 variations significantly differed from normal distributions (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between sciatic nerve variations and sciatica diagnosis.
  • Preoperative MRI may help prevent iatrogenic injury during pelvic surgery in sciatica patients.