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Attachment and attention problems: A meta-analysis.

Susanna Pallini1, Mara Morelli2, Antonio Chirumbolo2

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Children with insecure attachment styles show more attention problems (APs). This includes avoidant, resistant, and disorganized attachments compared to secure attachments, highlighting a significant link between early bonding and attention difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attachment theory posits distinct attention patterns based on attachment security.
  • Secure attachment is linked to flexible attention, while insecure styles involve worries, avoidance, or disorientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analyze the relationship between childhood attachment security status and attention problems (APs).
  • To quantify the association between various attachment classifications and APs in children.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 62 studies (67 samples) including children aged 18 and younger.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies measuring attachment security and attention problems.

Main Results:

  • Children with insecure attachments exhibited higher APs than securely attached children (r=0.21).
  • Avoidant (r=0.10), resistant (r=0.21), and disorganized (r=0.27) attachments were all associated with increased APs compared to secure or organized attachments.
  • Effect sizes were larger for concurrent measures, representational attachment measures, non-parental reports of APs, and older age at assessment for disorganized attachment.

Conclusions:

  • A significant relationship exists between insecure attachment styles and attention problems in children.
  • Attachment security is a relevant factor influencing the development and manifestation of attention problems.