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Over-the-Counter Oral Contraception as an Opportunity to Reduce Contraceptive Access Inequity.

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Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality
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Emergency Contraception.

Krishna K Upadhya1,

  • 1Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia kupadhya@childrensnational.org.

Pediatrics
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Teen pregnancy remains high in the US despite declines. Emergency contraception (EC) offers a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex, reducing overall teen birth rates.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Medicine
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • The United States has higher teen birth rates compared to other high-income nations, despite a 2-decade decline.
  • Emergency contraception (EC) is a crucial tool for preventing pregnancy following unprotected or underprotected intercourse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update pediatricians and physicians on available emergency contraceptive methods.
  • To present current data on the safety, efficacy, and usage of EC in adolescents.
  • To advocate for routine counseling and advance prescription of EC as a public health strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current emergency contraceptive methods, including FDA-approved oral medications (ulipristal, levonorgestrel), off-label combined oral contraceptives, and copper intrauterine devices.

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  • Analysis of indications for EC use, encompassing contraceptive failure, condom issues, missed doses, vomiting, and sexual assault.
  • Policy statement development based on updated scientific evidence and clinical recommendations.

    • Main Results:

    • Emergency contraception is safe and effective when used within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse.
    • Various methods are available, catering to different needs and circumstances.
    • Adolescents can benefit significantly from timely access to and information about EC.

    Conclusions:

    • Educating healthcare providers on EC is essential for effective implementation.
    • Routine counseling and advance prescription of EC can empower teenagers and reduce unintended pregnancies.
    • Increased utilization of EC is a key strategy to lower national teen pregnancy rates.