Targeting the TIGIT-PVR immune checkpoint axis as novel therapeutic option in breast cancer

Immune checkpoints are intensively investigated as targets in cancer therapy. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and its ligand poliovirus receptor (PVR) are recently emerging as novel promising targets in immunotherapy. Here, we show that high expression of PVR represents an independent prognostic marker being associated with poor outcome for breast cancer patients. Furthermore, PVR mRNA, as well as protein expression, is associated with more aggressive breast cancer subtypes such as HER2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer. In vitro, blocking TIGIT or PVR resulted in enhanced immune cell-mediated lysis of breast cancer cell lines SKBR-3, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and BT549 and additionally increased the cytotoxic effects of a bispecific T cell engager BiTE® antibody construct targeting EGFR. Taken together, our data identify the immune checkpoint factor PVR as a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer and indicate that blocking the TIGIT-PVR axis might represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of breast cancer patients.