Substance use disorders in people with intellectual disability

Area of Science:

• Intellectual Disability Research
• Addiction Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) are significant public health concerns.
• Individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) represent a vulnerable population with unique needs.
• Existing research on SUD in MID-BIF populations is growing but requires further synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize existing research on substance use and SUD in individuals with MID-BIF.
• To identify current trends, challenges, and gaps in the literature.
• To inform future research, policy, and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Literature search across multiple databases for relevant studies.
• Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to select studies focusing on MID-BIF and SUD.
• Synthesis of findings related to prevalence, risk factors, assessment, and interventions.

Main Results:

• Individuals with MID-BIF exhibit comparable or elevated rates of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use compared to the general population.
• This demographic is disproportionately represented in forensic and addiction treatment services.
• While assessment tools and intervention programs show promise, the evidence base remains limited, and professional training gaps exist.

Conclusions:

• Research on SUD in MID-BIF is emerging, with positive indicators for identification, assessment, and treatment.
• There is a critical need to adapt policies and clinical practices to better serve individuals with MID-BIF.
• Enhanced training for professionals in both intellectual disability and addiction care is essential.