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Adaptive Functioning in Clients With Intellectual Disabilities or Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Psychiatric

Femke Jonker^1,2, Samantha Bouwmeester³, Peter de Looff^1,3,4

¹Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities : JARID

|August 11, 2026

Abstract

Background:

Assessment of adaptive functioning is part of the classification of intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning and important in estimating support needs. Adaptive functioning may be impaired in clients with psychiatric comorbidity. We investigated relationships between adaptive functioning and psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning using the ADAPT.

Method:

ADAPT scores of clients with comorbid psychiatric disorders were compared with those of clients without comorbidity (N = 4376).

Results:

In clients with intellectual disabilities, ASD was associated with lower ADAPT scores while depressive mood disorder was associated with higher ADAPT scores. We found a negative relationship between number of psychiatric disorders and mean total ADAPT score.

Conclusion:

When determining the severity of an intellectual disability or using the V-code borderline intellectual functioning, ASD and multiple comorbidities must be taken into account to prevent an intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning from being incorrectly classified.

Keywords:

ADAPT adaptive functioning borderline intellectual functioning intellectual disability psychiatric comorbidity

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