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Cognitive performance and cognitive workload in multiple sclerosis: Two different constructs of cognitive

Hannes Devos1, Abiodun E Akinwuntan2, Nesreen Alissa1

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients doesn't always correlate with their perceived mental effort. This study suggests cognitive performance and workload are distinct in individuals with MS (iwMS).

Keywords:
CognitionCognitive workloadMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is typically assessed by performance on cognitive tests.
  • Current methods do not measure the mental effort or cognitive workload required for these tasks.
  • Distinguishing between cognitive performance and workload is crucial for understanding cognitive functioning in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cognitive performance and cognitive workload are separate constructs in individuals with MS (iwMS).
  • To investigate the relationship between objective cognitive performance and subjective/physiological measures of cognitive workload.

Main Methods:

  • Categorized iwMS into impaired (iwMS+) and non-impaired (iwMS-) groups based on Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) scores.
  • Administered BICAMS, Stroop, and trail making tests, comparing scores with healthy controls.
  • Assessed cognitive workload using the NASA Task Load Index and pupillary response-derived Index of Cognitive Activity.

Main Results:

  • iwMS+ demonstrated poorer performance on most cognitive tests compared to iwMS- and controls.
  • No significant differences in reported or measured cognitive workload were found between iwMS+, iwMS-, and controls.
  • Confounding factors like depression, fatigue, and medication did not explain the dissociation between performance and workload.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive performance and cognitive workload appear to represent distinct cognitive constructs in MS.
  • Individuals with MS and cognitive impairments (iwMS+) may not effectively allocate cognitive resources to compensate for performance deficits.