Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: December 2019.

Area of Science:

• Oncology and Immunology
• Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering and Diagnostics
• Neuroscience and Aging
• Molecular Biology and Genetics

Background:

• The thymus is implicated as a potential reservoir for melanoma cells, influencing disease progression.
• The African spiny mouse (Acomys) exhibits remarkable scar-free wound healing, offering insights into regenerative processes.
• Accurate and affordable disease biomarker detection remains a critical challenge in healthcare.
• Aging impacts RNA regulation in the nervous system, with circular RNAs (circRNAs) playing a significant role.
• Amylin and its role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis require further elucidation.
• ATTR amyloidosis, affecting the heart and nerves, necessitates effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the thymus as a melanoma reservoir.
• To explore the evolutionary adaptations enabling scar-free wound repair in Acomys.
• To present integrated immunoassays on hybrid microfluidic devices for disease biomarker detection.
• To investigate circRNA expression changes during neural aging and the function of Calm1 isoforms.
• To examine the role of amylin in Alzheimer's disease.
• To discuss therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for ATTR amyloidosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and theses on melanoma and thymus interactions.
• Comparative analysis of developmental signaling pathways in Acomys and other mammals.
• Development and testing of paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic devices for immunoassays.
• Analysis of RNA sequencing data to identify circRNA expression changes in aging nervous systems.
• Biochemical and cellular assays to study amylin aggregation and toxicity.
• Clinical trial data review for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting ATTR amyloid.

Main Results:

• The thymus may serve as a sanctuary for melanoma cells, impacting treatment outcomes.
• Specific developmental pathways in Acomys facilitate rapid and scar-free tissue regeneration.
• Integrated immunoassays demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for biomarker detection at low cost.
• Significant alterations in circRNA expression are observed during neural aging, with specific isoforms like Calm1's extended 3' UTR showing functional relevance.
• Amylin aggregation is identified as a key factor in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
• Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies show promise in detecting and halting the progression of ATTR amyloidosis.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the thymus-melanoma interaction is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
• The regenerative capacity of Acomys provides a model for advancing human wound healing strategies.
• Hybrid microfluidic immunoassays offer a scalable solution for point-of-care diagnostics.
• Targeting RNA regulatory mechanisms, particularly circRNAs, may offer new therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative diseases.
• Amylin-targeted therapies could be beneficial for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
• Monoclonal antibodies represent a viable therapeutic approach for managing ATTR amyloidosis.