Calcium sulfate-based bioactive cement for periodontal regeneration: An In Vitro study

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Periodontology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Alveolar bone defects from periodontal disease require osteoconductive graft materials.
• Self-setting, bioactive bone cements are ideal for conformal filling and progressive resorption.
• A novel calcium sulfate-based bioactive bone cement (BioCaS) has been developed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the in vitro response of primary human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells to BioCaS.
• To evaluate BioCaS's suitability for repairing periodontal infrabony defects.

Main Methods:

• BioCaS was formulated as a powder-liquid combination using high-purity calcium sulfate hemihydrate with hydrogen orthophosphate ions.
• Primary hPDL cells were isolated, cultured, and characterized.
• Cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells on BioCaS (vs. hydroxyapatite) were assessed using various staining and assay techniques.

Main Results:

• hPDL cells exhibited healthy morphology, viability, adhesion, and spreading on BioCaS compared to hydroxyapatite.
• hPDL cells underwent osteogenic differentiation in the presence of BioCaS without additional supplements.
• These findings confirm the inherent bioactivity of the BioCaS cement.

Conclusions:

• The developed BioCaS cement demonstrates excellent cytocompatibility and inherent bioactivity.
• BioCaS shows significant potential as an effective material for periodontal defect repair.