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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

6.1K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

26.4K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Atomic-scale patterning in two-dimensional van der Waals superlattices.

Paul Masih Das1, Jothi Priyanka Thiruraman1,2, Meng-Qiang Zhao1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA United States of America.

Nanotechnology
|November 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers precisely patterned 2D van der Waals superlattices by removing atomic layers. This controlled electron beam method created tunable nanopores and defects in stacked 2D materials for advanced nanodevices.

Keywords:
TEMbilayersmoirenanoporequasicrystalsuperlatticevan der Waals heterostructure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals superlattices offer unique optoelectronic properties.
  • Current research primarily focuses on fabrication, with limited exploration of nanoscale modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate localized nanoscale patterning and structural modification of 2D van der Waals superlattices.
  • To investigate layer-by-layer thinning and nanopore formation using electron beam irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).
  • Employed controlled electron beam irradiation for localized atomic layer removal and ablation.
  • Investigated stacked MoS2-WS2 heterostructures and bilayer WSe2.

Main Results:

  • Achieved layer-by-layer thinning by removing the bottom atomic layer.
  • Formed atomically-sharp nanopores with tunable diameters down to 0.6 nm.
  • Created close-packed nanopore arrays in superlattices with controlled periodicity.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a method for precise atomic-scale patterning of 2D superlattices.
  • Demonstrated the formation of tunable nanopores and defects.
  • This approach enables advanced fabrication of stacked 2D nanodevices.