The Spanish Language 5-Item Oral Health Impact Profile

Area of Science:

• Dental Public Health
• Psychometrics
• Quality of Life Research

Background:

• Assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is crucial for patient-centered care.
• Existing OHRQoL instruments can be lengthy, posing challenges in clinical and research settings.
• The Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) requires a brief, validated version for Spanish-speaking populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 5-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp5).
• To determine the reliability and validity of the OHIP-Sp5 for use in Spanish-speaking individuals.
• To establish OHIP-Sp5 as a concise measure of OHRQoL.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 331 Spanish-speaking dental patients was conducted.
• Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency (reliability) of the OHIP-Sp5.
• Convergent validity was examined by correlating OHIP-Sp5 scores with other established OHRQoL measures, including longer OHIP versions (OHIP-Sp49, OHIP-Sp14), GOHAI-Sp, OIDP-Sp, and a Global Oral Health Assessment.

Main Results:

• The OHIP-Sp5 demonstrated good reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.
• Validity was supported by strong correlations: OHIP-Sp5 scores correlated highly (r=0.95) with OHIP-Sp49 and OHIP-Sp14.
• Significant correlations were also found with GOHAI-Sp (r=-0.80), OIDP-Sp (r=0.73), and Global Oral Health Assessment (r=-0.56), indicating expected patterns of association.

Conclusions:

• The Spanish 5-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp5) is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument.
• It is suitable for measuring OHRQoL in Spanish-speaking populations.
• The OHIP-Sp5 can serve as an effective substitute for longer OHIP instruments in clinical practice and research.