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HBV Infection in HIV-Driven Immune Suppression

Loredana Sarmati1, Vincenzo Malagnino1

  • 1Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy.

Viruses
|November 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Approximately 10% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are coinfected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This review highlights the risks of chronic HBV, liver disease, and cancer in coinfected individuals, stressing tailored antiretroviral therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection affects 10% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals globally.
  • HBV/HIV coinfection is associated with severe liver disease, including fibrosis, end-stage liver disease (ESLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Occult HBV infection (OBI), characterized by HBV-DNA presence despite negative serological markers, is a concern in coinfected patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key aspects of HBV infection in HIV-positive patients.
  • To emphasize the clinical significance of HBV/HIV coinfection.
  • To highlight the importance of considering coinfection in antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review.
  • Literature search on HBV infection in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on epidemiology, prognosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • HBV coinfection significantly worsens the prognosis of HIV infection.
  • Increased risks of chronic HBV infection (CHB), liver fibrosis, ESLD, and HCC are observed.
  • Occult HBV infection (OBI) requires careful evaluation in coinfected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Management of HBV/HIV coinfection requires a comprehensive approach.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategies must be tailored to address both viral infections.
  • Further research and clinical vigilance are crucial for optimizing outcomes in coinfected patients.

Keywords:
HIV/HBV coinfectionend-stage liver diseasehepatitis B virushepatocellular carcinomaoccult HBV infection

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