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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

12.8K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

15.9K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Solubility of metal-boron-hydrogen compounds.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Boron Hydrogen Compounds for Hydrogen Storage and as Solid Ionic Conductors.

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  • 1Dépt. de Chimie Physique, Univ. de Genève, 30, quai E. Ansermet, CH 1211 Geneva 4;,

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Metal borohydrides show promise for hydrogen storage but face kinetic challenges. Boron-hydrogen compounds are also explored for their ionic conductivity in solid-state batteries, with recent advancements highlighted.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Metal borohydrides have been investigated for hydrogen storage due to high hydrogen content.
  • Challenges in dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation kinetics hinder practical application.
  • Boron-hydrogen compounds are emerging as ionic conductors for battery technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the thermodynamic and chemical properties of boron-hydrogen compounds relevant to hydrogen storage.
  • To explore the potential of these compounds as efficient catalysts for hydrogen storage.
  • To highlight recent findings on closo and nido hydridoborate and hydridocarborate compounds for battery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of thermodynamic and chemical properties.
  • Analysis of kinetic factors affecting hydrogen storage.
  • Compilation of recent research on ionic conductivity in battery materials.

Main Results:

  • Key thermodynamic and chemical properties influencing hydrogen storage are discussed.
  • Catalyst design considerations for improved kinetics are addressed.
  • closo and nido hydridoborate and hydridocarborate compounds show significant ionic conductivity for batteries.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding boron-hydrogen compound properties is crucial for advancing hydrogen storage.
  • These compounds offer a promising avenue for developing high-performance all-solid-state batteries.