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Programmable hydraulic resistor for microfluidic chips using electrogate arrays.

Marie L Salva1,2, Yuksel Temiz1, Marco Rocca2

  • 1IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|November 23, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a programmable hydraulic resistor for passive microfluidic chips. This device allows precise post-fabrication flow rate control, enabling advanced applications in chemical transport and biochemical reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biochemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Precise flow rate control is crucial in microfluidic devices for managing chemical transport and biochemical reactions.
  • Active microfluidics allow external flow rate control, but passive microfluidics present challenges due to fixed flow rates determined at fabrication.
  • Adjusting flow rates in passive microfluidics post-fabrication is difficult, limiting application flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel programmable hydraulic resistor for post-fabrication flow rate modulation in passive microfluidic chips.
  • To enable user-defined flow rate adjustments in microfluidic systems without altering the chip design.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this system for applications like laminar co-flow and enzymatic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a programmable hydraulic resistor using an array of electrogates and parallel resistors.
  • Integration of a battery-powered peripheral device and smartphone application for user control.
  • Utilizing electrowetting principles activated by a low voltage bias (3V) to control liquid flow through capillary pinning sites.

Main Results:

  • The system offers 127 distinct flow resistance combinations (2^7-1) across a 500-fold range.
  • Achieved flow rates range from approximately 0.09 nL/s to 5.66 nL/s.
  • The programmable resistor occupies a small footprint (15.8 mm^2) on a standard microfluidic chip.
  • Demonstrated successful application in establishing laminar co-flow and facilitating enzymatic conversion by alkaline phosphatase.

Conclusions:

  • The programmable hydraulic resistor provides a versatile solution for precise flow rate control in passive microfluidic devices.
  • This technology enhances the adaptability of microfluidic chips for diverse applications by allowing post-fabrication flow rate tuning.
  • The developed system offers a user-friendly and efficient method for advanced flow control in microscale systems.