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Robotic technology in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Babar Kayani1,2, Sujith Konan1,2, Atif Ayuob1,2
1University College Hospital, London, UK.
EFORT Open Reviews
|November 23, 2019
Summary
Robotic total knee arthroplasty (TKA) offers improved accuracy and reduced soft tissue injury compared to conventional methods. However, long-term outcomes are similar, with higher initial costs and a learning curve for operative times.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Medical robotics
Background:
- Conventional jig-based total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has limitations in achieving precise implant positioning and limb alignment.
- Robotic assistance in TKA is emerging as a potential alternative to traditional techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the accuracy, outcomes, and limitations of robotic TKA versus conventional jig-based TKA.
- To evaluate the learning curve associated with robotic TKA.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of robotic TKA and conventional jig-based TKA.
- Review of studies assessing implant positioning, operative times, iatrogenic injury, and patient outcomes.
- Analysis of robotic TKA learning curve data.
Main Results:
- Robotic TKA demonstrates superior accuracy in implant positioning and limb alignment, with no learning curve for positioning.
- Reduced iatrogenic soft tissue injury, decreased postoperative pain, and faster hospital discharge are associated with robotic TKA.
- A learning curve of 7-20 cases is noted for achieving comparable operative times; medium- to long-term functional outcomes show no significant difference.
Conclusions:
- Robotic TKA enhances precision and early recovery but has limitations including cost and implant compatibility.
- Further high-quality research is needed to assess long-term functional outcomes, survivorship, revision rates, and cost-effectiveness.
