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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Specific PIWI-interacting small noncoding RNA expression patterns in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Xing Zhang1, Zi Liang1, Yunshan Zhang1

  • 1School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.

Epigenomics
|November 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are active in human blood and may play a role in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) pathogenesis. This study identified numerous dysregulated piRNAs in PTB patients, offering new insights into disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
PTB patientsexpression patternhealthy individualsperipheral bloodpiRNApiRNA clusterspulmonary tuberculosisregulatory interactionsmall RNA sequencingtarget genes

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are critical for germline integrity and cancer development.
  • The role of piRNAs in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) pathogenesis remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate piRNA expression profiles in the peripheral blood of PTB patients.
  • To identify potential piRNA involvement in PTB pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Small RNA sequencing was utilized to compare piRNA expression between PTB patients and healthy controls.
  • Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed piRNAs and their target genes.

Main Results:

  • 428 piRNAs were upregulated and 349 were downregulated in PTB patients.
  • Dysregulated piRNAs targeted genes involved in transcription and protein binding, and were enriched in immune-related pathways.
  • Evidence suggests piRNAs in peripheral blood originate from the primary biogenesis pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The PIWI-piRNA pathway is active in human peripheral blood.
  • Dysregulated piRNAs may represent novel players in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.