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Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

390
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
390
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

863
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
863
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
579
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

945
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
945
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

546
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
546
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

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The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Active Learning Strategies to Improve Progression from Knowledge to Action.

Karina D Torralba1, Loomee Doo2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11234 Anderson Street, MC 1519, Loma Linda, CA 92373, USA.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Active learning strategies in medical education enhance engagement and critical thinking, improving memory retention and clinical reasoning. Educators should adopt these methods and evaluation models to advance patient care and health systems.

Keywords:
Active learningArthritisConcept mappingMedical educationMusculoskeletal diseaseRheumatology

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Pedagogy
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Traditional lectures represent a passive learning modality in medical education.
  • There is a need for more interactive and engaging teaching methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the benefits of active learning strategies over passive lectures.
  • To emphasize the role of active learning in developing critical thinking and clinical reasoning.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews literature on active learning versus passive learning in medical education.
  • It discusses the cognitive processes involved in effective learning, such as vigilance and scaffolding.

Main Results:

  • Active learning fosters greater interaction, discussion, and critical thinking among learners.
  • Strategies like scaffolding and concept mapping enhance memory retention and knowledge building.

Conclusions:

  • Active learning strategies are superior to lectures for developing essential medical skills.
  • Implementing active learning and improved evaluation models can enhance patient care and health systems.