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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model
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Brain-to-cervical lymph node signaling after stroke.

Elga Esposito1, Bum Ju Ahn1, Jingfei Shi1,2

  • 1Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.

Nature Communications
|November 24, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A newly discovered brain-to-cervical lymph node pathway triggers inflammation after stroke. Blocking this pathway reduces brain damage, offering new therapeutic targets for stroke recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Systemic inflammation following stroke can worsen brain damage.
  • The precise mechanisms by which the injured brain initiates this systemic response are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the brain-to-cervical lymph node (CLN) pathway in stroke-induced systemic inflammation.
  • To explore the potential of targeting this pathway for therapeutic benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats and mice.
  • Cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) were analyzed for lymphatic endothelial cell and macrophage activation.
  • VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling was investigated using blockade and in vitro co-culture models.
  • Brain infarction volume was measured after CLN removal.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic stroke rapidly activated lymphatic endothelial cells and macrophages in CLNs, mediated partly by VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling.
  • VEGFR3 blockade reduced inflammation and brain infarction.
  • Surgical removal of CLNs significantly decreased infarction size.
  • In vitro studies confirmed VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling enhances inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • A brain-to-CLN communication pathway contributes to stroke-induced systemic inflammation and brain injury.
  • Targeting the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway or CLNs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke.