Low-frequency oscillations in coupled phase oscillators with inertia

Area of Science:

• Complex systems
• Power grid dynamics
• Nonlinear dynamics

Background:

• Power grids are susceptible to low-frequency forced oscillations.
• Understanding disturbance propagation is crucial for grid stability.
• The Kuramoto oscillator model is a common tool for analyzing coupled systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To model and analyze low-frequency forced oscillations in power grids using a second-order Kuramoto oscillator network.
• To investigate the factors influencing phase fluctuation magnitude and disturbance propagation.
• To identify novel phenomena in forced oscillation dynamics.

Main Methods:

• Numerical analysis of a second-order Kuramoto oscillator network.
• Periodic forcing applied to a single node.
• Simulation of disturbance propagation under varying network structures and forcing parameters.

Main Results:

• Phase fluctuation is determined by network structure and forcing parameters, not individual node properties (e.g., power, damping).
• A "resonance" phenomenon was observed where phase fluctuation magnitudes peak at critical coupling strengths.
• Disturbance propagation can be counter-intuitive, with fluctuations potentially increasing farther from the source in chain and ring networks.

Conclusions:

• Network structure significantly impacts forced oscillation dynamics in power grids.
• The observed resonance phenomenon and non-attenuating disturbance propagation offer new insights.
• Findings can improve detection and mitigation techniques for power grid oscillations.